| Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Medieval and Early Modern Jurists |
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Report No. a492 |
Rufinus |
fl. c.1150–c.1190 |
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| Alternative Names |
Rufinus, Archbishop of Sorrento (LC); Rufin; Rufino; Rufinus de Assisi |
Biography/Description |
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Was the major figure at Bologna in the 1150s. He was born in central Italy. He may have been a disciple of Gratian, but he never linked himself directly to the Magister. The exact dates when he taught canon law at Bologna are very uncertain. It was long thought that he became bishop of Assisi (and then archbishop of Sorrento), but the evidence for that is very tenuous. He finished his Summa sometime around 1164. We do not know when he died. As part of Johannes Faventinus’ Summa (1171), the work became the most widely circulating decretist commentary prior to 1215. While scholars long believed that it preceded the pontificate of Alexander III (1159–81), the date of composition recently has been moved to 1164 (A. Gouron). Two of his theological writings also survive, a treatise on peace (c.1180–1186) and a collection of sermons. It was long believed that he preached the opening sermon at the Third Lateran Council, but the evidence for this attribution is slim. |
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Entry by: KP rev AL 2015 |
Text(s) |
| No. 1 | Summa decretorum. |
| No. 2 | Glosses on the Decretum. |
| No. 3 | De bono pacis. |
Text(s) – Manuscripts |
| No. 1 |
Summa decretorum. |
| Manuscript | Alençon, BM 133 |
Avignon, BM 661, fol. 3–84 |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. Phill. 2010, fol. 57–212v (without part I (part I in manuscript before fol.57 is by Stephanus Tornacensis)) |
Bernkastel-Kues, Bibl. St. Nikolaus Hospitals 269, fly-leaves |
Brugge, Stedelijke Bibl. 351 |
Cambridge, Gonville & Caius Coll. 201, fols. 187–202v, fols. 203–242, 244–57 (D.1–D.36 c.2 up to fol. 202v; C.1–C.32 q.1 c.11 beginning on fol. 203) |
Hereford, Cath. Libr. O.VI.14, fol. –61 (ends at C.16) |
Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. Rep. I.4.47, fol. 41r–56v (contains D.1–D.23 d.a.c.21) |
London, BL Royal 10 B.XVII |
London, BL Add. 18460 |
Luzern, Zentral- u. Hochschulbibl. P.MS 21 |
Monza, Arch. Cap. I.18/156 |
Monza, Arch. Cap. I.19/161, fol. 31–110 (fragmentary) |
Moulins (dép. Allier), MC 22 (Online; this site is currently down.) |
Oxford, St. John’s Coll. 235, fly-leaves |
Paris, BN lat. 4378 (omits C.15–C.36) |
Paris, BN lat. 15993 |
Reims, BM 683 |
Troyes, BM 695, fol. 25–125 (ends at C.21 q.1 c.2) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2585 |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2586 (ends at C.16 q.3) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Barb. lat. 1413, fol. 1–106vb (ends at C.35 q.2/3) |
| No. 2 |
Glosses on the Decretum. |
| Manuscript | Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19 (second layer; incomplete) |
Kassel, Universitäts- u. Landesbibl. Jur. 11 |
Pŀock, Seminarium Bibl. 67, fol. 121–239v (lost in WWII) |
Paris, BN lat. 3932 |
Paris, BN lat. 15398 |
Text(s) – Modern Editions |
| No. 1 |
Summa decretorum. |
| Modern Editions |
Die Summa decretorum des Magister Rufinus, ed. H. Singer (Paderborn 1902). (The older edition by J. von Schulte (Giessen 1892) should not be used, because it does not reproduce the text of Rufinus..) |
| No. 2 |
Glosses on the Decretum. |
| Modern Editions |
Glosses have been discussed and printed particularly (1) by J. Juncker in ZRG Kan. Abt., 14 (1925) 428–60. (Rufinus’ glosses, predating his Summa, are scattered widely in the manuscripts. Cf. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 12..) |
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(2) by R. Weigand in ‘Glossen des Magister Rolandus’ (1986). |
| No. 3 |
De bono pacis. |
| Modern Editions |
Magistri Rufini episcopi De bono pacis, ed. A. Brunacci and G. Catanzaro (Assisi 1986). |
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An earlier recension is printed in PL, 150.1591–1638. |
Literature |
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A. Thier, ‘Semantiken des Alten, des Neuen und des Modernen im gelehrten kanonischen Recht: Beobachtungen zur Deutung von “antiqua,” “nova,” “hodie” und “moderna” in der Kanonistik des 12.–15. Jahrhunderts’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 106 (2020) 6–9, 15. |
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A. Fiori, ‘Vecchie e nuove ipotesi sul magister Rufinus’, BMCL, 36 (2019) 243–274. |
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J. Brundage, The Medieval Origins of the Legal Profession: Canonists, Civilians, and Courts (Chicago 2008) 111, 175–76, 194–95, 277. |
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R. Weigand, ‘The Development of the Glossa ordinaria to Gratian’s Decretum’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 61–64, 70–72, 82, 97. |
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K. Pennington, ‘The Decretists: The Italian School’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 124, 129, 131, 135–40, 160. |
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C. Rider, Magic and Impotence in the Middle Ages (Oxford 2006) 61, 62. |
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L. Kéry, Gottesfurcht und irdische Strafe: Der Beitrag des mittelalterlichen Kirchenrechts zur Entstehung des öffentlichen Strafrechts (Konflikt, Verbrechen und Sanktion in der Gesellschaft Alteuropas, Symposien und Synthesen 10; Köln 2006) 278–79, 286, 293, 311–19, 335–57. |
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L. Kéry, Gottesfurcht und irdische Strafe: Der Beitrag des mittelalterlichen Kirchenrechts zur Entstehung des öffentlichen Strafrechts (Konflikt, Verbrechen und Sanktion in der Gesellschaft Alteuropas, Symposien und Synthesen 10; Köln 2006) 457, 534, 590–91, 658, 673–74. |
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C. Reid, Power over the Body, Equality in the Family: Rights and Domestic Relations in Medieval Canon Law (Emory University Studies in Law and Religion; Grand Rapids 2004) 17–20, 42–43, 53, 77, 106, 108, 131. |
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C. Reid, Power over the Body, Equality in the Family: Rights and Domestic Relations in Medieval Canon Law (Emory University Studies in Law and Religion; Grand Rapids 2004) 144, 147, 162–63, 187, 189, 190, 201. |
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J. Viejo-Ximénez, ‘Rufino (de Bolonia)’, in Juristas universales (2004) 1.343–6. |
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H. Kalb, ‘Rechtskraft und ihre Durchbrechungen im Spannungsfeld von kanonistischem und theologischem Diskurs: Rufin, Stephan von Tournai, Johannes Faventinus’, in Grundlagen des Rechts: Festschrift für Peter Landau zum 65. Geburtstag, R.H. Helmholz, ed. (Paderborn 2000) 405–19. |
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R. Deutinger, ‘The Decretist Rufinus – A Well-Known Person?’, BMCL, 23 (1999) 10–15. |
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‘Rufinus the Canonist (fl. 1150–ca. 1191)’, in From Irenaeus to Grotius: A Sourcebook in Christian Political Thought, 100–1625, O. O’Donovan, ed. (Grand Rapids 1999) 297–305. (Includes an introduction and selected primary texts in translation.) |
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H. Kalb, ‘Die Autorität von Kirchenrechtsquellen im “theologischen” und “kanonistischen” Diskurs: Die Perspektive der frühen Dekretistik (Rufinus – Stephan von Tournai – Johannes Faventinus). Einige Anmerkungen’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 84 (1998) 307–29. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Rufinus, Kanonist, Bischof von Assisi, Erzbischof von Sorrent († 1192)’, in LMA (1995) 7.1089. |
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J. Brundage, Medieval Canon Law (The Medieval World; London 1995) 50, 158, 225. |
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S. Haering, ‘Rufinus von Bologna (1130–1192)’, in Biographisch–bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (1994) 8.959–72. |
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B. Tierney, ‘Ius and Metonymy in Rufinus’, in Studia in honorem eminentissimi cardinalis Alphonsi M. Stickler, R. Castillo Lara, ed. (Studia et textus historiae iuris canonici 7; Roma 1992) 549–58. Reprinted in: idem, Rights, Laws, and Infallibility in Medieval Thought (Aldershot 1997) no. III. |
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A. Simonetti, ‘Rufino di Assisi e il cod. C.30 Sup. del Ambrosiana’, Studi medievali, 31 (1990) 125–42. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Burchardauszüge in Dekrethandschriften und ihre Verwendung bei Rufin und als Paleae im Dekret Gratians’, AKKR, 158 (1989) 429–51. |
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B. Kann, ‘Die Rufinglossen zu den Causae 27–30 des Decretum Gratiani’, in Ius et historia. Festgabe für Rudolf Weigand zu seinem 60. Geburtstag, N. Höhl, ed. (Würzburg 1988) 121–42. |
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S. Ferruolo, ‘Rufinus’, in DMA (1988) 10.545–46. |
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T. Lenherr, Die Exkommunikations– und Depositionsgewalt der Häretiker bei Gratian und den Dekretisten bis zur Glossa ordinaria des Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 42; München 1987) 199. |
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J. Brundage, Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe (Chicago 1987) 263, 276, 280, 290, 293–5, 302, 309–21. |
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A. Gouron, ‘Sur les sources civilistes et la datation des Sommes de Rufin e d’Étienne de Tournai’, BMCL, 16 (1986) 55–70. Reprinted in: idem, Droit et coutume en France aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles (Variorum Collected Studies Series 422; Aldershot 1993) no. V. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Glossen des Magister Rolandus zum Dekret Gratians’, in Miscellanea Rolandi Bandinelli, F. Liotta, ed. (Siena 1986) 402–404. |
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E. Vodola, Excommunication in the Middle Ages (Berkeley 1986) 79–80. |
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H. Kalb, ‘Bemerkungen zum Verhältnis von Theologie und Kanonistik am Beispiel Rufins und Stephans von Tournai’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 72 (1986) 338–48. |
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R. Knox, ‘The Problem of Academic Language in Rufinus and Stephan’, in Proceedings Berkeley, S. Kuttner, ed. (MIC C–7; Città del Vaticano 1985) 109–24. |
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K. Pennington, Pope and Bishops: The Papal Monarchy in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries (The Middle Ages; Philadelphia 1984) 87, 163. |
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S. Kuttner, ‘Retractationes VII’, in Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 9. |
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J. Brundage, ‘Holy War and the Medieval Lawyers’, in The Holy War, T. Murphy, ed. (Columbus 1976) 111–12. Reprinted in: idem, The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law (Collected Studies CS 338; Aldershot 1991) no. X. |
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F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milano 1971) 58–64. |
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J. Brundage, Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader (Madison WI 1969) 56, 70, 114. |
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R. Benson, The Bishop–Elect: A Study in Medieval Ecclesiastical Office (Princeton 1968) 56–97. |
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J. Brundage, ‘The Votive Obligations of Crusaders: The Development of a Canonistic Doctrine’, Traditio, 24 (1968) 82. Reprinted in: idem, The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law (Collected Studies CS 338; Aldershot 1991) no. VI. |
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R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 26; München 1967) 144–48 and passim. |
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J. Weitzel, Begriff und Erscheinungsformen der Simonie bei Gratian und den Dekretisten (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 25; München 1967) 65–76. |
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J. Muldoon, ‘Extra ecclesiam non est imperium: The Canonists and the Legitimacy of Secular Power’, SG, 9 (1966) 569. Reprinted in: idem, Canon Law, the Expansion of Europe, and World Order (Variorum Collected Studies Series 612; Aldershot 1998) no. I. |
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R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 16; München 1963) 1.127–34. |
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J. Gründel, Die Lehre von den Umständen der menschlichen Handlung im Mittelalter (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters 39.5; Münster 1963) 220–23. |
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J. Livingston, ‘Infamia in the Decretists from Rufinus to Johannes Teutonicus’, (Ph.D. diss.; University of Wisconsin – Madison 1962). |
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R. Benson, ‘Rufin’, in DDC (1961) 7.779–84. |
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G. Couvreur, Les pauvres ont-ils des droits? Recherches sur le vol en cas d’extrême nécessité depuis la Concordia de Gratien (1140) jusqu’à Guillaume d’Auxerre († 1321) (Analecta Gregoriana 111; Roma 1961) 53, 75, 83, 84, 106, 126, 131–35, 142, 145. |
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L. Ott, ‘Hat Magister Rufinus die Sentenzen des Petrus Lombardus benützt?’, Scholastik, 33 (1958) 234–46. |
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N. Vilain, ‘Prescription et bonne foi du Décret de Gratien (1140) à Jean d’André († 1348)’, Traditio, 14 (1958) 124, 140–45. |
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S. Kuttner, ‘Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus’, Traditio, 1 (1943) 280. |
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S. Kuttner, |
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G. Morin, ‘Le discours d’ouverture du Concile général du Lateran (1179) et l’oeuvre littéraire de maître Rufin, évêque d’Assisi’, Atti della Pontificia accademia Romana di archeologia, 3rd ser. Memorie, 2 (1928) 113–33. |
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J. Juncker, ‘Summen und Glossen’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 14 (1925) 427–62. |
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C. Tanon, ‘Étude de littérature canonique: Rufin et Huguccio’, Nouvelle revue historique de droit français et étranger, 13 (1889) 681–728. |
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C. Tanon, ‘Étude de littérature canonique: Rufin et Huguccio’, Nouvelle revue historique de droit français et étranger, 12 (1888) 822–31. |
