| Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Medieval and Early Modern Jurists |
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Report No. a491 |
Rolandus |
fl. 1150s–1160s |
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| Alternative Names |
Magister Rolandus; Roland |
Biography/Description |
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A canonist who taught at Bologna in the 1150s and 1160s. For a long time, modern scholars have identified him with Rolandus Bandinelli, later Pope Alexander III (1159–81). In truth, both personalities have to be distinguished, since Rolandus continued teaching well into Alexander’s pontificate. He composed several versions of a Summa on Gratian’s Decretum, called Stroma, and a large number of single glosses. His teachings were further reflected in sets of quaestiones to be associated with his school (see Quaestiones in schola Rolandi disputatae). There also survives from his pen a theological collection of sententiae. |
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Entry by: KP rev AL 2015 |
Text(s) |
| No. 1 | Stroma. |
| No. 2 | Glosses on the Decretum. |
| No. 3 | Sententie. |
Text(s) – Manuscripts |
| No. 1 |
Stroma. |
| Manuscript | First Recension |
Bologna, BC Archiginnasio A 48, fol. 32–60 (contains C.27–C.36) |
Second Recension |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. fol. 462, fol. 131–46, 87v–88v, 147r–v (contains C.27–C.36) |
Grenoble, BM 627, fol. 131–45 (contains C.27–C.36) |
Third Recension |
Stuttgart, Würtembergische Landesbibl. Jur. 63, fol. 1–34 |
Worcester, Cath. Libr. Q.70, fol. 41–96v (contains C.27–C.36; C.1–C.19 q.1) |
Fourth Recension |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. Savigny 14, fol. 1–88, 97–104, 89–93 |
London, BL Royal 11 B ii, fol. 57–85v, 85v–91v (contains C.27–C.36) |
Fifth Recension |
Stuttgart, Würtembergische Landesbibl. Jur. 62, fol. 1–58 (without part I) |
To Be Analyzed |
Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Addit. 3321.2, fol. 14–26 (fragment covering C.1 – C.4 q.3: C.13 q.1 – C.23) |
Liège, Grand Séminaire 6.N.15, fol. 147–78 |
Zürich, Zentralbibliothek C.97, fol. 47v–64v (contains C.27–C.36) |
| No. 2 |
Glosses on the Decretum. |
| Manuscript | Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. 44 |
Paris, BN lat. 14316 |
Sankt Florian, Stiftsbibl. III.5 |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 3529 |
Text(s) – Modern Editions |
| No. 1 |
Stroma. |
| Modern Editions |
Die Summa magistri Rolandi, nachmals Papstes Alexander III, ed. F. Thaner (Innsbruck 1874). (On the basis of MS Berlin, Savigny 14, and the two Stuttgart manuscripts. R. Weigand, AKKR 149 (1980) 14–22, has noted important variants in the other copies and distinguished five different recensions of the work..) |
| No. 2 |
Glosses on the Decretum. |
| Modern Editions |
Many of Rolandus’ glosses from the manuscripts indicated above are printed (1) by R. Weigand in AKKR, 149 (1980) 25–32. |
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(2) by R. Weigand in Miscellanea (1986). (Since one of the sigla referring to Rolandus, ‘R.’ coincides with that of his contemporary Rufinus, identification often proves difficult.) |
| No. 3 |
Sententie. |
| Modern Editions |
Die Sentenzen Rolands, nachmals Papstes Alexander III, ed. A. Gietl (Freiburg/B. 1891). (R. Weigand, AKKR 149 (1980) 20, has dated the work around 1155, between the third and fourth recension of the Stroma.) |
Literature |
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A. Thier, ‘Semantiken des Alten, des Neuen und des Modernen im gelehrten kanonischen Recht: Beobachtungen zur Deutung von “antiqua,” “nova,” “hodie” und “moderna” in der Kanonistik des 12.–15. Jahrhunderts’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 106 (2020) 15–16. |
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E. De León, ‘Rolando’, in Juristas universales 1.334–6. |
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K. Pennington, ‘The Decretists: The Italian School’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 129, 131–35. |
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R. Weigand, ‘The Development of the Glossa ordinaria to Gratian’s Decretum’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 70–71, 97. |
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L. Kéry, Gottesfurcht und irdische Strafe: Der Beitrag des mittelalterlichen Kirchenrechts zur Entstehung des öffentlichen Strafrechts (Konflikt, Verbrechen und Sanktion in der Gesellschaft Alteuropas, Symposien und Synthesen 10; Köln 2006) 278, 299–300, 340, 590. |
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C. Reid, Power over the Body, Equality in the Family: Rights and Domestic Relations in Medieval Canon Law (Emory University Studies in Law and Religion; Grand Rapids 2004) 42, 78–79, 108, 110, 144. |
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K. Jacobi, Der Ehetraktat des Magisters Rolandus von Bologna: Redaktionsgeschichtliche Untersuchung und Edition (Schriften zur Mediävistik 3; Hamburg 2004). |
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R. Weigand, ‘Rolandus, Kanonist (Mitte 12. Jahrhundert)’, in LMA (1995) 7.962. |
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S. Kuttner, ‘Did Rolandus of Bologna Write a “Stroma ex Decretorum corpore carptum”?’, BMCL, 20 (1990) 69–70. |
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J. Noonan, ‘Rolandus’, in DMA (1988) 10.448–49. |
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T. Lenherr, Die Exkommunikations– und Depositionsgewalt der Häretiker bei Gratian und den Dekretisten bis zur Glossa ordinaria des Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 42; München 1987) 195–96. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Glossem des Magister Rolandus zum Dekret Gratians’, in Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli Papa Alessandro III, F. Liotta, ed. (Siena 1986) 389–423. |
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S. Kuttner, ‘Retractationes VIII’, in Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 33. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Magister Rolandus und Papst Alexander III.’, AKKR, 149 (1980) 3–44. |
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J. Noonan, ‘Who was Rolandus?’, in Law, Church and Society: Essays in Honor of Kuttner, K. Pennington, ed. (Philadelphia 1977) 21–48. |
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H. Müller, Der Anteil der Laien an der Bischofswahl: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kanonistik von Gratian bis Gregor IX. (Kanonistische Studien und Texte 29; Amsterdam 1977) 38–40. |
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J. Brundage, ‘Holy War and the Medieval Lawyers’, in The Holy War, T. Murphy, ed. (Columbus 1976) 110, 111, 123. Reprinted in: idem, The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law (Collected Studies CS 338; Aldershot 1991) no. X. |
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F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milano 1971) 43–49. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Quaestionen aus der Schule des Rolandus und Metellus’, AKKR, 138 (1969) 82–94. |
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J. Brundage, Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader (Madison WI 1969) 46–47. |
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J. Brundage, ‘The Votive Obligations of Crusaders: The Development of a Canonistic Doctrine’, Traditio, 24 (1968) 81–82. Reprinted in: idem, The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law (Collected Studies CS 338; Aldershot 1991) no. VI. |
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G. Fransen, ‘La structure des “Quaestiones disputatae”’, Traditio, 23 (1967) 519–20. |
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J. Weitzel, Begriff und Erscheinungsformen der Simonie bei Gratian und den Dekretisten (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 25; München 1967) 62–64. |
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R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 16; München 1963) 106–26. |
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G. Couvreur, Les pauvres ont-ils des droits? Recherches sur le vol en cas d’extrême nécessité depuis la Concordia de Gratien (1140) jusqu’à Guillaume d’Auxerre († 1321) (Analecta Gregoriana 111; Roma 1961) 45, 53, 89, 96. |
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M. Pacaut, ‘Roland Bandinelli’, in DDC (1960) 7.703–709. |
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A. Stickler, ‘Iter Helveticum’, Traditio, 14 (1958) 466–68. |
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G. Fransen, ‘Manuscrits de Décrétistes dans les Bibliothèques liégeoises’, SG, 1 (1953) 292–95. |
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S. Kuttner, |
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J. von Schulte, |
