Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Medieval and Early Modern Jurists |
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Report No. a502 |
Stephanus Tornacensis |
1128–1203 |
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Alternative Names |
Stephen, of Tournai (LC); Étienne de Tournai; Stephen of Tournai; Stephen of Tournay; Stephan von Tournai; Stefan von Tournai; Stephan von Doornick |
Biography/Description |
Born 1128 and canon at St. Euverte in Orleans from 1155; went to Bologna to study canon law c.1160. A few glosses of his on the Decretum survive from this early period, most of which are signed ‘S.’ Before he returned to his native France to become abbot of St. Euverte in 1167, he completed his decretist Summa (1165/66), which became the basic canonistic commentary for the emerging French school. Therefore, he is often considered the founder of the transalpine decretist schools. Despite his ecclesiastical career, Stephan continued to write decretist glosses well into the 1170s. The other writings of Stephan focused on the pastoral and diplomatic duties of his later ecclesiastical career. After a decade at Orleans, he became abbot of Ste. Geneviève in Paris (1177), before he was finally appointed bishop of Tournai (1192) by Pope Celestine III. From that period collections of his sermons and his letters survive. As Rudolf Weigand has shown, Stephan also continued to write glosses (siglum ‘st.’ or ‘ste.’) on the Decretum well into the 1170s, long after he had left Bologna and assumed the responsibilites of an abbot. He died in 1203. |
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Entry by: KP rev AL 2015 |
Text(s) |
No. 1 | Glosses on the Decretum. |
No. 2 | Summa decretorum. |
No. 3 | Collection of Letters. |
No. 4 | Collection of Sermons. |
Text(s) – Manuscripts |
No. 2 |
Summa decretorum. |
Manuscript | München, BSB Clm 17162 (first recension?) |
Alençon, BM 134 (contains prol. – D.15 twice) |
Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Patr. 18, fol. 157–239 |
Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Patr. 128, fol. 1–2ra, 9ra (fragment including D.1–2, 31–32) |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. Phill. 2010, fol. 1–57 (part I only (commentary on causae is that of Rufinus)) |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. qu. 193 (omits D.18 c.4 – C.1 q.1 c.122) |
Bruxelles/Brussel, Bibl. Royale 1410, fol. 3–148v |
Chartres, BM 173 (prologue only; lost in WWII) |
Dublin, Trinity Coll. H.2.15a, p.89–90 (C.1 q.2 c.2 – q.3 c.7) |
Leiden, Bibl. Rijksuniv. lat. 127 Ac |
Sankt-Peterburg, Gosudarstvennaia Publichnaia Bibl. lat. F.II vel. 23, fol. 2 (beginning of prologue) |
Mainz, Stadtbibl. 477, fol. 37–116 (part II only) |
Milano, Bibl. Ambrosiana R.73 sup., fol. 1–116v (for the proper sequence of text, the order of the folios is: 1–82v, 108–115v, 91–107v, 83–90v, 116r–v.) |
Monza, Arch. Cap. i.19/161, fol. 3–30 (covers C.22 q.2 – C.36) |
München, BSB Clm 14403, fol. 9–118v |
Olomouc, Státni Archiv C.O.209, fol. 266r (fragment on prologue) |
Oslo, Riksarkivet fragm. 159 (four leaves containing D.3–5, 7, 17–20, 21) |
Oxford, Queens Coll. 317, fol. 140ra–142va (fragment including D.30 c.17 – D. 38 c.11) |
Paris, BN lat. 3912 |
Paris, BN lat. 3913 |
Paris, BN lat. 3919 A, fol. 1–145 |
Paris, BN lat. 14609, fol. 2–92 |
Paris, Bibl. Sainte-Geneviève 1625, fol. 198 (fragment of the prologue) |
Sankt Florian, Stiftsbibl. III.5 (excerpts added to the margin of Gratian’s Decretum) |
Salamanca, Bibl. Univ. 2075, fol. 138–288 |
Trier, Stadtbibl. 905 (with marginal glosses) |
Troyes, BM 640, fol. 1–145r |
Torino, BN Universitaria D.IV.40 |
Città del Vaticano, BAV G.16bis (part II only, omits C.1 q.1 c.8 – C.1 q.4 d.p.c.11, and De pen.) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV C.114, fol. 341–42 (contains two of the folios missing from MS G.16bis, containing C.1 q.1 c.29–56 and c.97–122) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2585, fol. 43r–v (fragment of prologue) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Borgh. 287, fol. 11r–42, 51–58, 43–50, 59–109v |
Worcester, Cath. Libr. Q.44, fol. 1–86vb |
Text(s) – Modern Editions |
No. 1 |
Glosses on the Decretum. |
Modern Editions |
Discussed by R. Weigand in ZRG Kan. Abt., 72 (1986) 352–61. |
No. 2 |
Summa decretorum. |
Modern Editions |
Edited in part by J. von Schulte in Die Summa des Stephan von Doornick über das Decretum Gratiani (Giessen 1891). (Schulte omitted many of the passages borrowed by Stephan from Paucapalea, Rolandus, and Rufin, and wrongly assumed Stephan’s authorship for the commentary on part III. As S. Kuttner, Traditio 14 (1958) 502-5, has shown, Stephan never commented on this section..) |
Critical edition of the prologue by H. Kalb in Studien (1983) 113-120. |
No. 3 |
Collection of Letters. |
Modern Editions |
PL, 211.309–576. |
Critical edition by J. Desilve in Lettres d’Étienne de Tournai (Valenciennes and Paris 1893). (The same edition includes other, minor writings of Stephan.) |
No. 4 |
Collection of Sermons. |
Modern Editions |
The first of the 31 sermons and a list of contents for the remaining ones printed in PL, 211.567–576. |
Literature |
M. Eichbauer, ‘Legal Authorities and their Legislative Priorities: The Treatment of Leprosy in the Sources of Canon Law’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 106 (2020) 185. |
A. Thier, ‘Semantiken des Alten, des Neuen und des Modernen im gelehrten kanonischen Recht: Beobachtungen zur Deutung von “antiqua,” “nova,” “hodie” und “moderna” in der Kanonistik des 12.–15. Jahrhunderts’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 106 (2020) 9. |
R. Weigand, ‘The Development of the Glossa ordinaria to Gratian’s Decretum’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 64, 72, 97. |
K. Pennington, ‘The Decretists: The Italian School’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 127, 136–40, 160. |
R. Weigand, ‘The Transmontane Decretists’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 174, 180–85. |
L. Kéry, Gottesfurcht und irdische Strafe: Der Beitrag des mittelalterlichen Kirchenrechts zur Entstehung des öffentlichen Strafrechts (Konflikt, Verbrechen und Sanktion in der Gesellschaft Alteuropas, Symposien und Synthesen 10; Köln 2006) 323, 352–56, 534, 537, 591, 658. |
C. Reid, Power over the Body, Equality in the Family: Rights and Domestic Relations in Medieval Canon Law (Emory University Studies in Law and Religion; Grand Rapids 2004) 77, 131, 187, 201. |
J. Viejo-Ximénez, ‘Esteban de Tournai’, in Juristas universales (2004) 1.359–63. |
H. Kalb, ‘Rechtskraft und ihre Durchbrechungen im Spannungsfeld von kanonistischem und theologischem Diskurs: Rufin, Stephan von Tournai, Johannes Faventinus’, in Grundlagen des Rechts: Festschrift für Peter Landau zum 65. Geburtstag, R.H. Helmholz, ed. (Paderborn 2000) 405–19. |
H. Kalb, ‘Die Autorität von Kirchenrechtsquellen im “theologischen” und “kanonistischen” Diskurs: Die Perspektive der frühen Dekretistik (Rufinus – Stephan von Tournai – Johannes Faventinus). Einige Anmerkungen’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 84 (1998) 307–29. |
T. Lenherr, Die Exkommunikations– und Depositionsgewalt der Häretiker bei Gratian und den Dekretisten bis zur Glossa ordinaria des Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 42; München 1987) 200–201. |
A. Gouron, ‘Les sources civilistes et la datation des Sommes de Rufin et d’Étienne de Tournai’, BMCL, 16 (1986) 55–70. |
H. Kalb, ‘Bemerkungen zum Verhältnis von Theologie und Kanonistik am Beispiel Rufins und Stephans von Tournai’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 72 (1986) 338–48. |
R. Weigand, ‘Studien zum kanonistischen Werk Stephans von Tournai’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 72 (1986) 349–61. |
H. Kalb, ‘Bemerkungen zum Verhältnis von Theologie und Kanonistik am Beispiel Rufins und Stephans von Tournai’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 72 (1986) 338–48. |
R. Knox, ‘The Problem of Academic Language in Rufin and Stephan’, in Proceedings Berkeley (MIC C–7; Città del Vaticano 1985) 109–123. |
H. Kalb, Studien zur Summa Stephans von Tournai (Innsbruck 1983). |
S. Kuttner, ‘Retractationes VII’, in Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 9. |
H. Müller, Der Anteil der Laien an der Bischofswahl: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kanonistik von Gratian bis Gregor IX. (Kanonistische Studien und Texte 29; Amsterdam 1977) 46–48. |
F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milano 1971) 81–88. |
J. Brundage, Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader (Madison WI 1969) 49–50, 66. |
R. Benson, The Bishop–Elect: A Study in Medieval Ecclesiastical Office (Princeton 1968) 90–94, 159. |
R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 26; München 1967) 148–51, 349–52, and passim. |
J. Weitzel, Begriff und Erscheinungsformen der Simonie bei Gratian und den Dekretisten (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 25; München 1967) 76–83. |
D. Lindner, ‘Stefan von Tournai’, in LThK (1964) 9.1047–48. |
P. Delhaye, ‘Étienne de Tournai’, in DHGE (1963) 15.1274–78. |
R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 16; München 1963) 1.135–41. |
J. Gründel, Die Lehre von den Umständen der menschlichen Handlung im Mittelalter (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters 39.5; Münster 1963) 223–24. |
S. Kuttner, ‘Notes on Manuscripts’, Traditio, 17 (1961) 533. |
G. Couvreur, Les pauvres ont-ils des droits? Recherches sur le vol en cas d’extrême nécessité depuis la Concordia de Gratien (1140) jusqu’à Guillaume d’Auxerre († 1321) (Analecta Gregoriana 111; Roma 1961) 54, 74, 97, 126, 137. |
S. Kuttner, ‘Notes on Manuscripts’, Traditio, 15 (1959) 498. |
S. Kuttner, ‘The Third Part of Stephen of Tournai’s Summa’, Traditio, 14 (1958) 502–506. |
N. Vilain, ‘Prescription et bonne foi du Décret de Gratien (1140) à Jean d’André († 1348)’, Traditio, 14 (1958) 124, 141–43. |
S. Kuttner, ‘An Interim Checklist of Manuscripts’, Traditio, 13 (1957) 469. |
S. Kuttner, ‘An Interim Checklist of Manuscripts’, Traditio, 12 (1956) 563. |
S. Kuttner, ‘An Interim Checklist of Manuscripts’, Traditio, 11 (1955) 440–41. |
G. Lepointe, ‘Étienne de Tournai’, in DDC (1953) 5.487–92. |
S. Kuttner, ‘Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth Century’, Traditio, 7 (1949/51) passim. |
S. Kuttner, ‘Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus’, Traditio, 1 (1943) 282–83. |
S. Kuttner, ‘Les débuts de l’école canoniste francaise’, SDHI, 4 (1938) 192–204. |
S. Kuttner, |
J. Warichez, Étienne de Tournai et son temps, 1128 à 1203 (Paris 1937). |
J. von Schulte, |