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Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Medieval and Early Modern Jurists

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Report No. a481

Raymundus de Pennaforte

c.1180–1275

 

Alternative Names

Raymond, of Peñafort, Saint (LC); Raymond de Peñafort; Raymond of Peñafort; Ramon de Penyafort; Raimondo da Pennafort; Raimundo de Peñafort

 

Biography/Description

Catalan canon lawyer. After studying and teaching philosophy at Barcelona, he went to study law at Bologna sometime between 1210 and 1221. He entered the Dominican order in 1222 after his return to Barcelona. Called to Rome by Gregory IX in 1230, he presided over the commission which compiled the Liber Extra (the authoritative collection of decretals promulgated by the pope in 1234). Returning again to Catalonia, Raymond was confessor to Jaime I of Aragon (1213–76) and prominent in the activities of the Dominican order, of which he was master-general from 1238 to 1240. Thomas Aquinas wrote his Summa contra Gentiles at Raymond’s insistence. He was canonized in 1601. Raymond’s literary productivity was enormous and so was his success. Besides being commissioned to compile the Decretales Gregorii IX, which were to remain valid church law until 1918, he also had a great influence as the author of a penitential Summa (c.1222–25/34) and as a leading administrator of his order. A full account of his works would include a large number of minor treatises, many of which were composed after 1234 and outside of the orbit of canon law school. To avoid incompleteness and misattributions, the present survey lists only those titles that have a direct bearing on law. During his brief period as a canonist at Bologna (1218–1221), Raymond wrote a Summa iuris which he never finished. Simultaneously, he lectured on Gratian’s Decretum, as is testified by the survival of marginal glosses. There are further glosses on Compilatio quarta. After becoming a Dominican, he composed the penitential Summa de casibus. He later revised it. The printed editions regularly added Raymond’s Summa de matrimonio (c.1235) as Book IV, although the work, an update of the earlier treatise by the Bolognese canonist Tancred, had circulated separately in medieval manuscripts.

 

Entry by: KP rev AL 2015

 

Text(s)

 
No. 01

Summa iuris canonici, 1218–1221. most likely never completed before Raymundus entered the Dominican order on April 1, 1222.

 
No. 02

Glosses on the Decretum.

 
No. 03

Glosses on Compilatio IV. as yet unconfirmed work by Raymundus; Kuttner posited this as a possible work of Raymundus in 1950 and 1953.

 
No. 04

Summulae de arboribus de consanguinitate et affinitate.

 
No. 05

Summa de casibus, 1222–1229, pos. 1234. also known as the Summa de poenitentia; 2 recensions, the second completed after the Decretales Gregorii noni and incorporating both allegationes to X (and decretals by Gregory IX) and a fourth book on marriage (cf. text 7).

 
No. 06

Liber Extra. See under Decretales Gregorii IX.

 
No. 07

Summa de matrimonio, 1235. revision of Tancredus’s Summa de matrimonio, appended as a fourth book to Raymundus’s Summa de casibus.

 
No. 08

Parva collectio decretalium.

 
No. 09

Dubitabilia cum responsionibus, 1235. Pertaining especially to matters of penance or the internal forum.

 

Text(s) – Manuscripts

No. 01

Summa iuris canonici, 1218–1221.

 
Manuscript

a481Txt01Città del Vaticano, BAV Borgh. 261, fol. 91–102v (fragmentary, ends 2.39)

 
No. 02

Glosses on the Decretum.

 
Manuscript

a481Txt02Tours, BM 550 (third layer of glosses)

 
 

a481Txt02Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 1367 (third layer of glosses)

 
No. 03

Glosses on Compilatio IV.

 
Manuscript

Admont, Stiftsbibl. 22

 
No. 05

Summa de casibus, 1222–1229, pos. 1234.

 
Manuscript

Bonn, Universitäts- u. Landesbibl. 269d

 
 

Chartres, BM 237

 
 

Chartres, BM 245

 
 

Chartres, BM 401

 
 

Épinal, BM 4

 
 

Épinal, BM 57

 
 

Épinal, BM 60

 
 

Épinal, BM 62

 
 

Épinal, BM 107

 
 

Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 531

 
 

Göttingen, Niedersächsische Staats- u. Universitätsbibl. 0° Cod. Ms. Jurid.? 163b

 
 

Göttingen, Niedersächsische Staats- u. Universitätsbibl. 8° Cod. Ms. Jurid. 163

 
 

Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 137

 
 

Kassel, Universitäts- u. Landesbibl. 2° Ms theol. 43

 
 

Klosterneuberg, Stiftsbibl. 1040

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 23

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 55

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 64

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 179

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 180

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 186

 
 

Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 1172

 
 

Laon, BM 157

 
 

Laon, BM 181

 
 

Laon, BM 183

 
 

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1009a

 
 

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1010

 
 

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1011

 
 

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1012

 
 

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1013

 
 

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1014

 
 

München, BSB Clm 2700

 
 

München, BSB Clm 2756

 
 

München, BSB Clm 2956, fols. 75–106

 
 

München, BSB Clm 3218

 
 

München, BSB Clm 4595

 
 

München, BSB Clm 5863

 
 

München, BSB Clm 6020

 
 

München, BSB Clm 6040

 
 

München, BSB Clm 7208

 
 

München, BSB Clm 7211

 
 

München, BSB Clm 7631

 
 

München, BSB Clm 7821

 
 

München, BSB Clm 9539

 
 

München, BSB Clm 9572

 
 

München, BSB Clm 9663

 
 

München, BSB Clm 9664

 
 

München, BSB Clm 9665

 
 

München, BSB Clm 9666

 
 

Nîmes, BM 13729

 
 

Olomouc, VKOL VI.307

 
 

a481Txt05Oxford, Bodleian Libr. Bodl. 146, fols. 143r–224v (1st redaction; utilized in Ochoa and Diez edition)

 
 

Paris, BN lat. 13466

 
 

Paris, BN lat. 15377

 
 

Paris, BN lat. 15924

 
 

Praha, Metropolitní Kapitula C.47

 
 

Praha, Metropolitní Kapitula C.113

 
 

Praha, Národní Muz. I.R.9

 
 

Praha, Národní Muz. III.D.13

 
 

Praha, Národní Muz. III.F.15

 
 

Praha, Národní Muz. XIV.G.48

 
 

Saint-Omer, BM 224

 
 

Tours, BM 348

 
 

Troyes, BM 279

 
 

Troyes, BM 537

 
 

Troyes, BM 1249

 
 

Troyes, BM 1347

 
 

Troyes, BM 1930

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1269

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1318

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1331

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1355

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1371

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1452

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1608

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1656

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1691

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1698

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1750

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 1753

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 2210

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 2240

 
 

Wien, ÖNB 3807

 
 

Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Bibl. Helmst. 526

 
 

Wrocław, Bibl. Univ. II.Q.27

 
 

Wrocław, Bibl. Univ. II.Q.28

 
 

Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. M.p.th.f. 7

 
 

Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. M.p.th.f. 90

 
 

Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. M.p.th.f. 113

 
 

New Haven, Conn., Yale Univ., Beinecke Libr. Marston MS 127

 
 

New Haven, Conn., Yale Univ., Beinecke Libr. Ms 999

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2300, fols. 1va–48vb

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2301, fols. 24ra–287rb

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2302, fols. 4ra–235ra

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2674, fols. 131ra–205va

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2708, fols. 1ra–114rb

 
 

a481Txt05Barcelona, Bibl. Univ. 746, fols. 1ra–89va (1st redaction; utilized in Ochoa and Diez edition)

 
 

a481Txt05Paris, Bibl. Arsenal 370, fols. 1r–81v (2nd redaction; utilized in Ochoa and Diez edition)

 
 

a481Txt05Città del Vaticano, BAV Ottob. lat. 5, fols. 1ra–46vb (2nd redaction; utilized in Ochoa and Diez edition)

 
No. 07

Summa de matrimonio, 1235.

 
Manuscript

a481Txt07Barcelona, Bibl. Univ. 746, fols. 92ra–100ra (separated from first-redaction Summa de casibus by two blank folios and written at different time and in different hand)

 
 

Paris, Bibl. Arsenal 370, fols. 82r–93r

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Ottob. lat. 5, fols. 47r–57va

 
No. 09

Dubitabilia cum responsionibus, 1235.

 
Manuscript

Firenze, BN Conv. Soppr. I.10.49

 
 

Oxford, Bodleian Libr. Can. Misc. 269, fols. 206–208

 
 

Praha, Metropolitní Kapitula K.XII, fols. 16v–18v

 
 

Città del Vaticano, BAV Ottob. 45, fols. 103v–104v

 

Text(s) – Modern Editions

No. 01

Summa iuris canonici.

 
Modern Editions

Summa iuris, ed. J. Rius Serra (Opera omnia 1; Barcelona 1945).

 
 

Summa de iure canonico, ed. J. Ochoa Sanz and A. Díez (Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1–A; Roma 1975) (cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16).

 
No. 04

Summulae de arboribus de consanguinitate et affinitate.

 
Modern Editions

Summula de consanguinitate et affinitate, ed. J. Ochoa Sanz and A. Díez (Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1–C; Roma 1978). (Cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16. Other minor canonistic writings have been included in the same volume of the edition..)

 
No. 05

Summa de casibus.

 
Modern Editions

Summa Sancti Raymundi de Peniafort . . . De Poenitentia et Matrimonio (Roma 1603; repr. Farnborough 1967).

 
 

Summa de poenitentia, ed. J. Ochoa Sanz and A. Díez (Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1–B; Roma 1976) (cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16).

 
No. 07

Summa de matrimonio.

 
Modern Editions

Summa de matrimonio, ed. J. Ochoa Sanz and A. Díez (Universa Bibliotheca Iuris 1–C; Roma 1978) (cf. BMCL 11 (1981) 44 n.16).

 
 

Translation into English by P. Payer in Summa on Marriage (Mediaeval Sources in Translation 41; Toronto 2005).

 
No. 08

Parva collectio decretalium.

 
Modern Editions

See the description by H. Boese in Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 42 (1972) 69–80.

 
No. 09

Dubitabilia cum responsionibus.

 
Modern Editions

Die canonistischen Handschriften der Bibliotheken 1. der k. k. Universität, 2. des Böhmischen Museums, 3. des Fürsten Georg Lobkowitz, 4. des Metropolitan-Kapitels von St. Veit in Prag, ed. J. von Schulte (Praha 1868) 98–102. (Said to contain a transcription of the Prague manuscript. We have been unable to check this item. It does not seem to be online and paper copies are very rare.)

 
 

S. Raimundo de Peñafort, Diplomatario, ed. J. Rius Serra, 22–29.

 

Literature

M. Eichbauer, ‘Legal Authorities and their Legislative Priorities: The Treatment of Leprosy in the Sources of Canon Law’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 106 (2020) 185–186.

E. Reno, ‘The Two Anonymous Liber extra Commentaries in Paris’, BMCL, 34 (2017) 143–194.

E. Molano, ‘San Raimundo de Peñafort’, in Juristas universales 1.414–21.

E. Reno, ‘The Authoritative Text: Raymond of Penyafort’s Editing of the “Decretals of Gregory IX” (1234)’, (Ph.D. diss.; Columbia University 2011).

J. Tolan, ‘Marchands, mercenaires et captifs: le statut légal des chrétiens latins en terre d’islam selon le juriste canonique Ramon de Penyafort (XIII siècle)’, in Minorités et régulations sociales en Méditerranée médiévale: Actes du colloque réuni du 7 au 9 juin 2007 en l’Abbaye royale de Fontevraud, S. Boissellier, ed. (Rennes 2010) 223–36.

X. Bastida i Canal, ‘Les missions I la llibertat de la fe en sant Ramon de Penyafort’, Analecta sacra tarraconensia, 81 (2008) 19–80.

J. Goering, ‘The Internal Forum and the Literature of Penance and Confession’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 397, 409, 419–24.

K. Pennington, ‘The Decretalists 1190–1234’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 228, 238–41.

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L. Galmés Mas, ‘Biobibliografia de san Ramon de Penyafort’, in Magister Raimundus: Atti del Convegno per il IV centenario della canonizzazione di san Raimondo de Penyafort (1601–2001), C. Longo, ed. (Institutum Historicum Fratrum Praedicatorum, Dissertationes Historicae 28; Roma 2002) 11–34.

C. Longo, ‘San Raimondo maestro dell’ordine domenicano (1238–1240)’, in Magister Raimundus: Atti del Convegno per il IV centenario della canonizzazione di san Raimondo de Penyafort (1601–2001), C. Longo, ed. (Institutum Historicum Fratrum Praedicatorum, Dissertationes Historicae 28; Roma 2002) 35–50.

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A. Babra Blanco, ‘La pastoralitat de la Summa de Paenitentia de sant Ramon de Penyafort: Una via ètica I una vida reconciliada’, Revista catalana de teologia, 26 (2001) 275–92.

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G. Minnucci, La capacità processuale della donna nel pensiero canonistico classico. Vol. 2: Dalle Scuole d’Oltralpe a S. Raimondo di Pennaforte (Studi senesi, Quaderni 79; Milano 1994).

J. Ainaud de Lasarte, ‘Ramon de Penyafort, advocat i sant’, in Serra d’Or (1994) 412.59–66.

T. Bestul, ‘An Unrecorded Manuscript of the Summa de Poenitentia of Raymund of Pennaforte’, Manuscripta, 32 (1988) 206–7.

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S. Kuttner, ‘Raymond of Peñafort as Editor: The “decretales” and “constitutiones” of Gregory IX’, BMCL, 12 (1982) 65–80.

A. García y García, ‘La canonistica ibérica’, BMCL, 11 (1981) 58–60.

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M. Batllori Munné, ‘L’entrevista de Ramon Llull amb Ramon de Penyafort a Barcelona’, Cuadernos de historia economica de Cataluña, 21 (1980) 9–11.

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B. Gautier, ‘Saint Raymond de Penyafort témoin d’un miracle’, Escritos del vedat, 7 (1977) 61–67.

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J. Formentín, ‘Funcionamiento pedagógico y proyección cultural de los estudios de árabe y de hebreo promovidos por San Ramón de Penyafort’, Escritos del vedat, 7 (1977) 155–75.

A. García y García, ‘Un antecedente ibérico de la actividad compilatoria de S. Ramón de Penyafort’, Escritos del vedat, 7 (1977) 201–207.

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A. Robles Sierra, ‘La biografia inédita de San Ramón de Penyafort escrita por Vicente Justiniano Antiist, O.P. (x. XVI)’, Escritos del vedat, 7 (1977) 29–60.

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I. Vázquez, ‘Manuscritos de San Ramón de Penyafort y de otros dominicos medievales en la antigua biblioteca de San Juan de los Reyes de Toledo’, Escritos del vedat, 7 (1977) 239–57.

H. Müller, Der Anteil der Laien an der Bischofswahl: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kanonistik von Gratian bis Gregor IX. (Kanonistische Studien und Texte 29; Amsterdam 1977) 197–200.

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H. Boese, ‘Über die kleine Sammlung gregorianischer Dekretalen des Raymundus de Penyafort O.P.’, Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, 42 (1972) 69–80.

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K. Pennington, ‘Summae on Raymond of Pennaforts Summa de casibus in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich’, Traditio, 27 (1971) 471–80.

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A. Teetaert, ‘La doctrine pénitentielle de Saint Raymond de Penyafort’, Analecta sacra tarraconensia, 4 (1928) 121–82.

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