| Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Medieval and Early Modern Jurists |
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Report No. a061 |
Bernardus Papiensis |
d.1213 |
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| Alternative Names |
Bernard, of Pavia (LC); Bernardo Balbi; Bernardus Balbi Ticinensis; Bernardus Balbus; Bernard of Pavia; Bernhard von Pavia; Bernardo da Pavia |
Biography/Description |
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Born in Pavia. Bernardus studied at Bologna under Bazianus, Gandulphus, and (perhaps) Huguccio. He taught at Bologna during the 1170s and then spent time at Rome working in the curia. In 1187, Bernardus became Provost of Pavia. In 1191, he succeeded Johannes Faventinus as Bishop of Faenza. In 1198, he was postulated to the bishopric of Pavia. He died there on 18 September 1213. Bernardus was the most important twelfth-century canonist after Huguccio. He wrote glosses on the Decretum which formed the core of the apparatus Ordinaturus magister, which passed for the Ordinary Gloss to the Decretum until the time of Johannes Teutonicus. But Bernardus’ lasting achievement was as a decretalist. Bernardus first compiled a modest decretal collection, the Collection in ninety-five titles (or Parisiensis II), between 1177 and 1179. Far more important, however, was Bernardus’ creation, around 1190, of the large, systematic decretal collection, Breuiarium extrauagantium (later known as Compilatio prima, which became the model for all subsequent collections. He also wrote glosses, Casus and a Summa on the Breuiarium organized by title which helped to establish the genre of the Summa super titulis. The chronology of Bernardus’ writings poses significant problems; it seems likely that he wrote and then revised most of his works at least once and perhaps several times. |
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Entry by: KP rev AL 2015 |
Text(s) |
| No. 01 | Glosses on Decretum. See under Ordinaturus Magister. |
| No. 02 | Collection in ninety-five titles. See under Collectio Parisiensis II. |
| No. 03 | Breuiarium extrauagantium. See under Compilatio prima. |
| No. 04 | Glosses on Compilatio I. |
| No. 05 | Summa titulorum decretalium, c.1191–98. |
| No. 06 | Casus decretalium, after 1198. |
| No. 07 | Summa de electione, c.1177–79. |
| No. 08 | Summa de matrimonio, c.1173–79. |
| No. 09 | Argumenta or Notabilia. |
| No. 10 | Collectio Lipsiensis, 1180s. See under Collectio Lipsiensis. |
Text(s) – Manuscripts |
| No. 04 |
Glosses on Compilatio I. |
| Manuscript | Appears together with glosses of Alanus Anglicus |
Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349 |
Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5 |
Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibl. Aug. XL |
München, BSB Clm 3879 |
Appears together with the glosses of Ricardus Anglicus |
München, BSB Clm 6352 |
München, BSB Clm 8302 |
Other manuscripts containing mixed glosses including those of Bernardus |
Admont, Stiftsbibl. 55, fols. 1–85v (set i) |
Avranches, BM 149, fols. 7–77v (set i) |
Lisboa, BN Alcobaça 173 (304), fols. 10v–115r |
Monte Cassino, Bibl. Abbazia 46, pp.1–178 (set i) |
Halle, Universitäts- u. Landesbibl. Ye 52 |
Laon, BM 385 |
Vendôme, BM 89 |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Pal. lat. 288 |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Pal. lat. 653 |
Other manuscripts with very early glosses that should be studied in more depth in order to determine if some of them belong to Bernardus |
Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19 |
Cambridge, Gonville & Caius Coll. 150 |
London, Lambeth Palace Libr. 80 |
Chartres, BM 318 |
Douai, BM 594 |
Paris, BN lat. 15398 |
Monte Cassino, Bibl. Abbazia 46 |
| No. 05 |
Summa titulorum decretalium, c.1191–98. |
| Manuscript | Avignon, BM 661, fol. 85–119v |
Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 8–22 |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. fol. 350 |
Bern, Universitätsbibl. A. 94 (19 folios; ends at 1 Comp. 2.20) |
Cambrai, BM 253, fol. 82–113v (ends at 1 Comp. 4.19) |
Bernkastel-Kues, Bibl. St. Nikolaus Hospitals 226, fol. 38–48v (ends at 1 Comp. 5.15) |
Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 1–83 (with decretal text) |
Halle, Universitäts- u. Landesbibl. Ye. 80, fol. 1–78 (with decretal text) |
Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 982 |
London, BL Royal 9. E. XIV, fol. 191–197v (ends at 1 Comp. 4.1) |
Monte Cassino, Bibl. Abbazia 46, p. 1–278 (excerpts only; with decretal text) |
München, BSB Clm 3507, fol. 51ff |
München, BSB Clm 4592, fol. 76–117 |
München, BSB Clm 16083, fol. 5–36 |
München, BSB Clm 22304, fol. 84–130 |
Paris, BN lat. 3934A, fol. 1–20 |
Roma, Bibl. Vallicell. C.44, fol. 4–40v |
Troyes, BM 385 (with decretal text) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 21–44v |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 11502, fol. 1–103 |
Vercelli, Bibl. Agnes. 176 [Ar. 191], fol. 17–49 |
Wien, ÖNB 1326, fol. 111–132 |
Berkeley, Univ. Cal. (Berkeley), Law Libr. Robbins Coll. 7 |
| No. 06 |
Casus decretalium, after 1198. |
| Manuscript | Alba Iulia, Bibl. Batthyan. 292, fol. 1r–40v |
Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. fol. 350 |
Chalon-sur-Saône, BM 16 |
Frankfurt am Main, Stadt- und Universitätsbibl. 43 |
Fulda, Landesbibl. D. 5, fol. 1–83 (excerpts only; with decretal text) |
Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 67–89v |
Oxford, Bodleian Libr. lat. misc. 60 (14 leaves containing parts of books 3 and 4) |
Città del Vaticano, BAV Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 59–82 |
Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 279, fol. 86r–106r |
| No. 07 |
Summa de electione, c.1177–79. |
| Manuscript | Amiens, BM 377, fol. 148va–151ra |
Ivrea, Bibl. Cap. 67, fol. 46ra–47vb (incomplete) |
Paris, BN lat. 1566, fol. 69vb–78vb |
| No. 08 |
Summa de matrimonio, c.1173–79. |
| Manuscript | Amiens, BM 377, fol. 151ra–54vb |
München, BSB Clm 8302 |
Monte Cassino, Bibl. Abbazia 396, p. 1–20 |
Paris, BN lat. 1566, fol. 56ra–69vb |
Paris, BN lat. 3454, fol. 49–52 |
Torino, BN Universitaria D.V.2, fol. 99–109 |
Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. M. p. th. f. 122, fol. 26v–31r |
Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 162, fol. 66–70r |
| No. 09 |
Argumenta |
| Manuscript | Melk, Stiftsbibl. 190 (333), fol. 252v–254v |
Literature |
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A. Thier, ‘Semantiken des Alten, des Neuen und des Modernen im gelehrten kanonischen Recht: Beobachtungen zur Deutung von “antiqua,” “nova,” “hodie” und “moderna” in der Kanonistik des 12.–15. Jahrhunderts’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 106 (2020) 12. |
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A. Duggan, ‘‘New’ and ‘Old’ Law in the Twelfth Century: A Contribution to the Current Debate’, BMCL, 36 (2019) 299–315. |
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M. Mordini, ‘Il recesso nei contratti bilaterali e la definizione del feudo come “contractus gratia utriusque contrahentis” (sec. XIIex.-XIIIin.)’, RIDC, 29 (2018) 77. |
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J. Fornés, ‘Bernardo de Pavia’, in Juristas universales 1.375–8. |
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A. Fiori, ‘Bernardo da Pavia’, in DGI (2013) 1.231–32. |
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R. Weigand, ‘The Development of the Glossa ordinaria to Gratian’s Decretum’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 60, 62, 74–75. |
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K. Pennington, ‘The Decretalists 1190 to 1234’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 211–15, 218–22. |
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C. Duggan, ‘Decretal Collections from Gratian’s Decretum to the Compilationes antiquae: The Making of the New Case Law’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 248, 251–52, 271, 280–82, 286, 288. |
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K. Pennington, ‘Decretal Collections 1190–1234’, in The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140–1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX, W. Hartmann and K. Pennington, ed. (History of Medieval Canon Law 6; Washington DC 2008) 296–306. |
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L. Kéry, Gottesfurcht und irdische Strafe: Der Beitrag des mittelalterlichen Kirchenrechts zur Entstehung des öffentlichen Strafrechts (Konflikt, Verbrechen und Sanktion in der Gesellschaft Alteuropas, Symposien und Synthesen 10; Köln 2006) 361–521. |
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C. Reid, Power over the Body, Equality in the Family: Rights and Domestic Relations in Medieval Canon Law (Emory University Studies in Law and Religion; Grand Rapids 2004) 49, 111–12, 144, 163–64, 202–3. |
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R. Weigand, Die Glossen zum Dekret Gratians: Studien zu den frühen Glossen und Glossenkompositionen (SG 25/26; Roma 1991) 3.11. |
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S. Kuttner, ‘Retractationes VII’, in Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 15–17. |
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H. Müller, Der Anteil der Laien an der Bischofswahl: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Kanonistik von Gratian bis Gregor IX. (Kanonistische Studien und Texte 29; Amsterdam 1977) 78–84, 138–39. |
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R. Weigand, ‘Bazianus- und B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians’, SG, 20 (1976) 477–90. |
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M. Bertram, ‘Some Additions to the “Repertorium der Kanonistik”’, BMCL, 4 (1974) 9–10. |
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F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milano 1971) 305–309. |
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F. Cantelar Rodríguez, ‘Bernardus Papiensis: “Doctor meus Hugo”: Huguccio of Pisa or Hugo de San Victor?’, ZRG Kan. Abt., 55 (1969) 448–57. |
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J. Brundage, Medieval Canon Law and the Crusader (Madison WI 1969) 70–71, 163. |
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R. Benson, The Bishop–Elect: A Study in Medieval Ecclesiastical Office (Princeton 1968) 99–101, 104, 113, 128, 136. |
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J. Brundage, ‘The Votive Obligations of Crusaders: The Development of a Canonistic Doctrine’, Traditio, 24 (1968) 96–. |
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F. Liotta, ‘Bernardo di Pavia’, in DBI (1967) 9.279–84. |
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R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 26; München 1967) 416, 422. |
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J. Brundage, ‘The Crusader’s Wife: A Canonistic Quandary’, SG, 12 (1967) 434. Reprinted in: idem, The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law (Collected Studies CS 338; Aldershot 1991) no. XV. |
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J. Hanenburg, ‘Decretals and Decretal Collections in the Second Half of the Twelfth Century’, TRG, 34 (1966) 522–99. |
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R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht (Münchener Theologische Studien 3, Kan. Abt. 16; München 1963) 1.241–60. |
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G. Couvreur, Les pauvres ont-ils des droits? Recherches sur le vol en cas d’extrême nécessité depuis la Concordia de Gratien (1140) jusqu’à Guillaume d’Auxerre († 1321) (Analecta Gregoriana 111; Roma 1961) 58, 67, 70, 89. |
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N. Vilain, ‘Prescription et bonne foi du Décret de Gratien (1140) à Jean d’André († 1348)’, Traditio, 14 (1958) 147. |
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S. Kuttner, ‘Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth Century’, Traditio, 7 (1949/51) 295–30, 312–315. |
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S. Kuttner, |
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G. Le Bras, ‘Bernard de Pavie’, in DDC (1937) 2.782–89. |
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J. von Schulte, |
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F. Kunstmann, ‘Das Eherecht des Bischofs Bernhard von Pavia’, AKKR, 6 (1861) 223–62. |
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E. Laspeyres, Bernardus Papiensis Faventini episcopi Summa decretalium (Regensburg 1860; repr. Graz 1956). |
